The Taliban government is busy planning to take Afghanistan back thousands of years at every moment. The Taliban Shura realized last week that the latest information technology is the invention of Satan, therefore, the Shura took an immediate decision to suspend all internet and communication facilities in the entire Afghanistan. The Afghan government's decision was immediately implemented and the internet service was shut down in the entire Afghanistan.

The shutdown of internet services not only shut down mobile phones and social media platforms, but also suspended landline telephone services. Thus, everything from banking services to air travel was suspended. Earlier, on September 16, Balkh province spokesman Attaullah Zaid announced that internet services in the northern province would remain suspended. A reporter for the French news agency AFP reported that in the first phase, it was decided to suspend internet in Badakhshan, Takhar, Kandahar and Helmand provinces, but then the Shura felt that this evil chargha should be shut down throughout the country. The shutdown of the internet suspended flight operations throughout Afghanistan, including Kabul.

According to a report by a Pakistani journalist based in Karachi, flights from Kabul Airport to Dubai, Istanbul, Moscow, Delhi and Jeddah were suspended. Along with this, the airports of Kandahar, Mazar-e-Sharif and Herat in different cities of Afghanistan were practically closed. Due to the internet shutdown, banking services and online education services were also suspended throughout Afghanistan, then after 48 hours it was decided to restore internet services. The US army had laid internet service cables throughout Afghanistan with a capital of millions of dollars.

The Taliban government last month banned the use of books written by women in universities in the name of preventing obscenity and nudity. Under this decision of the Taliban government, 140 books written by women were banned. These books include a book titled Safety in the Chemical Laboratory.

A report from Afghanistan says that Taliban Shura thinkers have identified 680 books that may contain content that is against Sharia law. These include books that are perceived to contain content that is against the policies of the Taliban government. The government has also instructed university authorities that 18 subjects included in the university curriculum are against the injunctions of Sharia law, and therefore these subjects will no longer be taught. These subjects include science and social studies subjects.

The Taliban's banking science subjects include the theory of evolution and human rights, gender development, and the Role of Women in Communication and Women in Society. Ziaur Rahman Oroubi, deputy academic director of the Taliban government's Ministry of Higher Education, told university officials in a letter that a panel of religious scholars and experts had said that books by Iranian scholars were among the books that had been banned. An expert on the Agence France-Presse panel told a British news agency correspondent that books by Iranian authors had been banned to prevent Iranian culture in Afghanistan.

A professor at Kabul University, while reviewing the government's decision, said that now university teachers will have to prepare materials to replace these books, but the question is what quality this material will be. Ever since the Taliban government came to power, its target has been women and minorities. Women have been deprived of the right to study in schools, colleges and universities. Now, with the closure of internet service, this door has also been closed for students who were trying to study online.

Half of Afghanistan's population is women. There are no real figures on the total population of Afghanistan, but according to estimates by experts who research population, Afghanistan's population is between 36.4 million and 49 million. The US Census Bureau says that Afghanistan's population has increased to 49.5 million this year. Poverty in Afghanistan seems to be spreading to the extreme. It is said that two-thirds of the population is living below the poverty line, thus 64.9 percent of the population is below poverty.

International experts estimate that the literacy rate among people aged 15 to 24 in Afghanistan is around 47 percent, but the overall literacy rate is 37.3 percent and the rate among women is around 22.6 percent. In this situation, Afghanistan is facing a severe food shortage crisis. Experts from the United Nations relief agencies say that half of the population of Afghanistan does not get food every day. Due to the UN World Food Program's aid program, there are no deaths due to hunger. A terrible earthquake struck Afghanistan last month. About 2,200 people died in this earthquake and about 3,600 people were injured. Due to the collapse of roads and the disruption of communication channels, aid groups reached the affected areas very late and many of the injured died because they could not reach hospitals immediately.

On one hand, there is destruction in Afghanistan, on the other hand, the Afghan government has failed to control the militants of Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan and ISIS. These militants have set new records of terrorism in various cities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the entire region is facing severe difficulties. Some observers say that Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan fighters are ideological allies of the Afghan government.

TTP fighters want to impose the same Sharia law in Pakhtunkhwa as the Taliban have imposed in Afghanistan. Although a statement by the foreign ministers of Afghanistan's neighboring countries, Russia, China, Iran and Pakistan, urged the Afghan government to control these terrorists in its territory and ensure that terrorism does not spread across the border into Pakistan, it seems that the Afghan government is not ready to listen to these neighbors, thus the situation is getting worse. The Afghan government says that the sanctions imposed by the United Nations on Afghanistan are causing problems in Afghanistan, therefore these sanctions should be lifted and Afghanistan's frozen assets should be restored.

The United Nations has imposed these sanctions on the grounds of depriving women of their right to education, mistreating minorities, and sponsoring terrorists. However, instead of giving equal rights to women and treating members of minority communities equally, the Afghan government is taking further steps that make it seem as if the Taliban are making policies to take Afghanistan back 2,000 years. Those who still have high hopes for the Taliban government should be careful. If right-wing parties can convince the Taliban to change their policies, it will be a great favor to the people of Afghanistan and peace and tranquility will prevail in the entire region.

The Election Commission of Pakistan has sought the power to monitor intra-party elections of political parties by recommending amendments to the electoral laws and the power to recommend intra-party elections of political parties by recommending amendments to Section 208 of the Election Act 2017.

This has been delayed a lot, this authority should have been given when the decision was made to register political parties with the Election Commission. To participate in the elections, every political party registers itself with the Election Commission, for which there is a condition of intra-party elections, but the authority to conduct intra-party elections and monitor them lies with the political parties, who mostly sit in closed rooms and distribute positions and become entitled to get election symbols by sending a list of office bearers to the Election Commission.

Jamaat-e-Islami is the only political party in Pakistan, in which, according to its own procedure, opinions are sought from party officials across the country for the Ameer of the party at a fixed time and the officials are given the names of some people, apart from them, the voter has the option to vote for anyone else. In Jamaat-e-Islami, no one presents himself as a candidate, but the party nominates its Ameer candidate based on performance and those who have the right to vote for the Ameer elections.

They freely use their votes and send their decision to the top, and the party announces the victory of the person who receives the most votes according to its procedure, which is not objected to. Everyone accepts the decision, and the new Amir takes the oath, decides on the remaining officials according to the procedure, and announces it, due to which there has never been a dispute over any Amir.

To some extent, elections are held in JUI without external supervision, Maulana Fazlur Rehman has been elected as the leader unopposed for many years. Raqim had the opportunity to watch the elections of JUI Central District Karachi recently, which were held after the Isha prayers in a large mosque in Dastgir FB area, in which undoubtedly thousands of workers had come to vote and the four large doors inside the mosque were closed and one door was kept open in the congregation hall of the mosque. Outside, in the large courtyard of the mosque, the workers who had the right to vote were given voting slips by giving their names on the list and after seeing the slip, they were allowed to enter the congregation hall of the mosque.

After the balloting process was completed, the entrance gate was closed and hundreds of workers outside were watching the voting through five large glass doors. The election officials were monitoring the transparent voting and announced the successful candidates after the voting was completed.

In every major party, the General Council or Central Executive Committee meeting is held for show and under the scheduled program, the party leader has been elected unopposed as usual and the rest of the officials of the leader's choice are also mostly elected unopposed or, if necessary, an intra-party election is announced and a written notification is given to the Election Commission. However, the Election Commission does not have the authority to supervise the election process; it accepts the intra-party election.

For the first time, PTI held intra-party elections democratically under the leadership of its impartial leader Justice (retd) Wajihuddin, in which he disqualified some party leaders based on facts. However, the founder PTI itself did not accept Justice Wajihuddin's decision because the disqualified leaders were the founder's favorites and were big donors to the party, whom the founder wanted to keep in positions at all costs. Therefore, Justice Wajihuddin lost heart and left the party and was made the founder's favorite unopposed official. After this first election, PTI repented of holding democratic elections again.

Before the 2024 elections, the founding chairman was in jail and the Election Commission had announced that it would not give the PTI an election symbol for not holding intra-party elections. Under compulsion, so-called officials were elected in a suburb of Peshawar who were unknown to anyone in the party, but according to the wishes of the founding chairman, new so-called officials were elected unopposed. Founding members of the party like Akbar S. Babar objected to this, and the Election Commission also did not recognize the controversial intra-party elections of PTI and did not give the election symbol, which was also ratified by the Supreme Court, which was a legal decision, but the PTI did not recognize it or hold re-elections, but their politics are still going on. Why is the Election Commission not recognizing our officials?

Every party holds such so-called elections, and that is why the Election Commission is seeking authority to hold intra-party elections under its supervision so that elections can be held under its supervision that are not controversial but fair.

The previous article examined how Israel is making every effort to weaken or break up Syria, the only state between itself and Turkey, on linguistic and territorial grounds, in order to surround the region's last military challenge, Turkey. While Turkey wants to see a buffer state of Syria under a stable central government.

To achieve their respective regional goals, Israel and Turkey want to expand their strategic sphere of influence in Syria. In fact, Israel has even established new bases in the Syrian region adjacent to the occupied Golan and is trying to prevent Turkey from getting any such military facilities to gain a foothold in Syria. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the government of President Ahmed al-Sharh based in Damascus entangled in various crises internally.

Israel's other eye is on the eastern Mediterranean island of Cyprus, just eighty-five kilometers off the southern coast of Turkey. Seventy-three percent of Cyprus's one million population are Greek-Christian and historically want to be part of Greece. While the twenty-five percent of the Muslim population has historical ties to Turkey and has lived on the Turkish island since the Ottomans captured the island in 1570, and then from 1878 to August 1960, the island was ruled by Britain.

Thirty-six percent of the Turkish-occupied Cyprus has been under the control of the Northern Cyprus Republic since 1982, while the Republic of Cyprus has been under the control of the Republic of Cyprus since 1982. The Turkish army occupied Northern Cyprus in July 1974 after the local army overthrew the elected president, Archbishop Makarios, and declared Cyprus's unification with Greece. Greece and Turkey have a long-standing historical rivalry.

The Northern Republic of Cyprus is considered a disputed territory by the United Nations. The Greek-majority Republic of Cyprus has been a member of the European Union as a legal government since 2004. The island's economy is developed and the per capita income is $65,000 per year. The climate is mild, so a large number of wealthy foreign residents like to build homes here in addition to tourism. Obtaining citizenship under Cyprus' Golden Visa scheme is also relatively easy.

The distance from the coast of Israel to Cyprus is 364 kilometers. Since 2015, Israel has begun to pay special strategic attention to the Republic of Cyprus. In 2018, the number of Israeli residents here was around 6,500. Today, more than 15,000 Israelis have moved to Cyprus, and during this period they have purchased more than 4,000 plots of land and property.

According to the Israeli newspaper Haaretz, Israeli residents live in walled colonies. These colonies have their own hotels and supermarkets. No non-Israelis, including local residents, are allowed to enter. The Israeli intelligence agency Mossad has also established several safe houses here.

Although there are also Russians and residents of other European countries living in Cyprus, they prefer to live among the local population, not in isolated fortresses like the Israelis. This behavior of the Israelis is also raising suspicions in nationalist circles in Cyprus.

Three months ago, the spokesman for the leading nationalist party in Cyprus, the Progressive Workers' Party, Stefanos Setifano, made a scathing statement that Israelis were buying up property in droves, building their own synagogues and schools there, and teaching their own curriculum. So far, most of the properties have been bought near sensitive coastal and strategic areas, including Larnaca, Limassol and Paphos. So this is not just settlement. Perhaps Israel is thinking of making Cyprus a sub-Israel. Following this statement, the Israeli ambassador to Cyprus, Oren Anuel, formally protested the Progressive Party, accusing it of anti-Semitism.

In 2017, a military cooperation agreement was signed between the Republic of Cyprus and Israel. Since then, the two countries have conducted numerous land and naval exercises. According to Israeli media, during the Gaza campaign, the Israeli Air Force used the Arkotiri base in Cyprus for surveillance flights over Gaza, although the base is managed by the United Kingdom.

Last month, Israel also provided Cyprus with the latest BRAC MX missile system. Its range is 150 kilometers. The BRAC system's 3D radar system can detect enemy movements within a radius of 460 kilometers. Not only this, but also mobile artillery and launchers within a radius of 100 kilometers can be easily detected.

This means that not only the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, but all of southern Turkey is under constant Israeli surveillance. In 1997, the Republic of Cyprus attempted to purchase the Russian-made S-300 missile system, but the deal remained incomplete due to strong Turkish protests and pressure on Moscow. Meanwhile, the new BRAC system provided by Israel is more modern and effective than the Russian anti-missile system.

Although Turkey did not immediately react to the latest development, it is inevitably concerned about it. Former Turkish admiral and opposition leader Yanki Bagcioglu has warned that this Israeli move will not only destabilize the Eastern Mediterranean region but also directly threaten Turkey's national security.

Another former Turkish Admiral Jim Gerdnes believes that it is time for Turkey to seriously prepare to protect its national interests in the Eastern Mediterranean, the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea separating Greece and Turkey, because its conciliatory policy is giving the wrong impression to its rivals. The alliance of Greece, the Republic of Cyprus and Israel with American support is clear evidence of this fear. This tripartite alliance poses a serious threat not only to the Turkish Republic of Cyprus, but also to Turkey itself and its maritime trade routes.

Israel has also made no secret of its intentions. In July, Shai Gal, former vice president of Israel Aerospace Industries, the company that makes the Brak missile system, wrote in an article that Israel should review its policy in the Eastern Mediterranean and help liberate northern Cyprus from Turkish rule. It is time to work together with Greece and Cyprus to develop a common strategy for this. The two parts of Cyprus could be united by removing the Turkish military infrastructure from northern Cyprus.

It is as if even the heavy stone of Turkey were to be removed from Israel's path, the next step towards a greater Israel would be just yards away from Tel Aviv.

(To read other columns and articles by Wusatullah Khan, click on bbcurdu.com and Tweet @WusatUllahKhan.)

We write Urdu and most people believe that we write good Urdu but still we are not fluent in the language, that is why sometimes some words bother us. Well, the term "fluent in the language" is also not very correct because if we think deeply, no one is fluent in Urdu because this language does not belong to anyone because it is the language of everyone or everyone or let's say it belongs to everyone, therefore it does not belong to anyone. If we want to say it, we can call it a collection of two oceans that contains the water of every ocean.

Those who are called people of language, they also used to speak another language in the upper reaches, for example, Ghalib, Mir, Khusro, Dagh, all of them had Persian ancestors. Well, we want to talk about our own words that sometimes come across such words that we write them but we do not know their meaning because such words become so famous in their figurative meaning that their original and basic meaning is lost. In such words, two words often surprise and amaze us, one is "Gul Chhare" and the other is "Rang Raliyan".

We often read and write about them. But we never understood what are flower pellets and what are the color rallies like. We will leave the color rallies aside for now. We will only talk about flower pellets. As far as we know, "Gul" comes from Persian and refers to flowers, but with flowers, "chhre"? This is a clear contradiction, where are flowers, where are pellets? Because pellets are from guns, and for this reason, a special, twelve-bore gun is called a chhridar. Chhridar reminded me that once upon a time, a doctor in our village was also famous as "Dr. Chhridar" who used to tie round pellets to people's feet. These pellets were made of sugar and were of different sizes. He would put some medicine on these pellets. Thus, Dr. Chhridar became famous among the people.

We would have thought of it as "flower pellets", but pellets and firecrackers existed even before that, and then the word "blow" is constantly used with these pellets, and the word "blow" has confused the whole matter. If flowers are put in a gun and blown away, then this is not possible in every home. Because, for one, experienced people know that if there is even the slightest thing in the barrel of a gun, the barrel bursts and the flowers also go away, meaning that at least those that are "blown" cannot be blown away by a gun, and we have seen in ancient writings that flower pellets were blown away even before the invention of guns, especially kings, queens, princes and princesses were often busy blowing flower pellets.

As soon as we set our research pony on this path, we suddenly came across a historical incident similar to the shooting of pellets in which "pellets" were fired. This incident is attributed to Queen Khizran, the wife of the Abbasid Caliph Mansur. There are many other such incidents related to Queen Khizran because she was an unparalleled, incomparable and unique woman of her time. Some narrators say that she was also a Jantar Mantar and Chaf amulet owner and she had subdued Caliph Mansur with her spell. A weak tradition also says that she was a "Balarah". In the terminology of quail hunters, a Balarah is a "quail" raised in a special way. During the quail hunting season, quail hunters keep her inside a house built in the fields and hang nets on all sides. The quail screams all night and the quails come hearing this sound and get caught in the net. Well, Queen Khizran did a special rarity in the wedding of her son Amin that she used to throw small paper pellets in the procession. Apparently, these were paper balls, but when they were opened, they were Inside was a pearl, and on the paper was written a position, a manor, or a reward that would be given to the recipient. It is possible that this tradition of blowing flowers started from there.

It cannot be said for sure, but it is possible that this invention of Queen Khaizran may have gone further. In Arabic, it may have had a different name, and then someone translated it into Urdu as Gul Chhare. Because the basic meaning of Gul Chhare is the same as that of Mal Mufti Dil Bay Rahm.

This means that no matter where the word comes from, no matter who created it, no matter what the legal or illegal relationship between flower and pellet is, it is 100% true that only those people who have been blessed by someone else can fly flower pellets. The rest is up to you, the wise man, and there are also those people who used to fly flower pellets. They fly and will continue to fly.

Time will change thousands of colors.

The flying of flowers will not change.

The Punjab government has announced that various types of assistance will be provided to the flood victims. The process of distributing relief checks will start from October 17. Rs 1 million for the families of the deceased, Rs 1 million for the completely destroyed houses, Rs 5 million for the completely destroyed houses, Rs 50 thousand for the loss of large livestock, Rs 50 thousand for the loss of small animals, Rs 20 thousand per acre for 25% loss in crops. And although other figures are presented in beautiful tables, in their background, relatives and friends were separated, fields were washed away, houses collapsed, livestock were killed by the strong waves coming from India, some villages were destroyed to such an extent that water is still standing in them. The Punjab government has announced that checks will be distributed from the 17th. The news was published in a daily newspaper.

There will be a wave of joy, but just imagine, as soon as that morning comes, men and women of the villages, old people, young people, old mothers, uncles, many widows will be seen standing in a queue outside the government office with their identity cards, some holding a picture of their collapsed house, some holding their farm papers, etc. Hey, the flood has tormented them so much, made them hungry, took away their shoes, clothes, everything.

Those problems were not few that now this new incident has come that the officer is telling someone. Bibi is one paper short, come tomorrow, uncle, the papers of your land are not complete, come tomorrow, he told someone your house has collapsed but this wall is still standing, that is why you cannot get the full 10 lakhs, he will tell someone your husband has passed away but where is the marriage certificate? Saab, Saab! Listen to me, the entire village is a witness to this marriage, ask everyone. When the sahib says this, come tomorrow with the marriage certificate. The entire village will be raising its voice for testimony, everyone will be listening, but (sahib) will not be heard, because what he has said, he has said it all.

The old man looked at the land papers and said, "Fill the form, get it verified and come tomorrow." In this way, if everyone wants to come tomorrow, then from such a far-off village, crossing the flowing water in between, sitting in a boat, walking barefoot in the water, paying 500 or 1000 rupees for a rickshaw, with what kind of difficulties and hardships, these aspirants stood in a queue from morning till evening and got the answer that coming tomorrow would be okay for them.

The one whose house collapsed and became a pile of rubble, the uncle was standing there questioning, sir must have said or maybe he would have said, fill out the form and bring it for verification. Sir, my house was washed away. I don't even have any bricks left to testify about the house. How can I get it verified now? Now I don't even have the return fare, how can I come tomorrow?

How good it would have been if the Punjab government itself had come to the village gates. If a government vehicle had stopped in front of the rubble of the collapsed house. The tearful uncle, with a sad expression and a disappointed face, had called and said that the government was relieved. The waves sent by India, taller than a human, had also demolished the house and these hostile waves had also stolen the property and belongings.

The government has also received full testimony, confirmation has also been received, uncle, take this check for 1 million and go to the bank and cash it. Uncle might say thank you very much and the people might say no uncle, just smile once, that is enough for us. What a beautiful scene it would have been when for the first time instead of complaining, there was gratitude on the face of the farmer. Instead of standing in queues, enduring the scorching sun and rain, and looking at the flood victims with hungry and thirsty eyes, the aid would have been received with dignity at their broken doors. This is not just financial help but the disappointment of broken hearts, returning disappointed and singing songs of happiness. It would have adorned the faces with smiles.

It was said that compensation of 20,000 per acre will be given for the loss of crops and it will be considered as 25% loss for those whose entire fields are flooded. The hope of sowing the next crop has disappeared, support them, make arrangements to drain the water from the fields, the fields are covered with mud and silt.

The government announced immediate assistance for the management of wastewater drainage, making the fields ready for sowing and plowing. Take this amount of one lakh rupees while standing on the fields and also provide real seeds and fertilizers. Now the seeds that have been given are seeds that can withstand the moisture of flood water, not ordinary seeds. Sow them and improve your land, the time for sowing wheat crop is passing, do this work as soon as possible.

The farmers of Punjab's affected areas are still living in the hope that the current government will not just announce but knock on their doors. In this regard, there is probably no mention of any assistance for those daughters whose jewelry, dowry equipment and belongings were lost in the flood. But there was probably no dowry box in any of the government's lists, if there was, this little one is currently unaware of it. When a mother complained to the officer about the loss of dowry and jewelry, the officer might have said, "Mum, under what category should I write this loss? It is neither for livestock nor for the destruction of the house. In what category should I put it?"

Mother must have said in sorrowful tones that this loss is not of the field, nor of the house, nor of the livestock, but of the mother's broken, sorrowful heart, which has no limit or end.

These were the dreams of a daughter that a widowed mother spent years piecing together, a few ornaments, a few utensils, some clothes and a mirror in which a mother could see her daughter's future, all were taken away by the floodwaters that came from India. Perhaps the Chief Minister of Punjab will feel the pain of a daughter and a mother and will also order the marriage of such girls. Perhaps before October 17, an order will be issued to write a box, a paragraph, to write the mother's pain and the daughter's screams. The water has flowed, but the widowed mother's prayer is waiting for this government to grant it.

If someone were to tell you today that after the establishment of Pakistan, the Communist Party of Pakistan, the left-wing political circles of the country and the social democrats were the foremost in providing practical support and assistance to the Kashmir freedom struggle, then perhaps no one would be ready to believe it, but it is a fact. Just as some of our religious circles are accused of supporting the ongoing armed resistance in Kashmir, the same thing was also said about the communists. In international and internal politics of states, state interests often prevail over principles and rightful positions and objectives, which is why the goal of true peace and harmony is not achieved.

How did progressive and liberal circles participate in the independence of Kashmir? The emotional element that entered the Pakistan movement was religious. It was sustained by the fact that the Muslim League won a majority of seats in the UP elections in 1934. Despite this, the Congress announced that only those representatives would be included in the cabinet who would leave the Muslim League and join the Congress.

Historians agree that this was the moment when Quaid-e-Azam became convinced that the political and economic rights of Muslims could not be protected in a united India. Most importantly, the Pakistan movement received support from circles with different, even contradictory, ideologies.

Foremost among them were the middle-class people associated with the Aligarh Movement, including professionals and those with government service backgrounds. Similarly, elements of the left were also supporting Pakistan, despite their serious ideological differences with the far-right leaders and religious circles of the Muslim League.

Today, the general impression is that the political and practical struggle for the independence of Kashmir has always been carried out by religious parties, but it may seem strange to the new generation that in the beginning the communists were the vanguard of this struggle. It is also a fact that the 'Communist Party of India' supported the partition of the Indian subcontinent and the establishment of Pakistan. Because the Communist Party believed that the Muslim League's demand for the establishment of Pakistan was in line with Marxist-Leninist principles.

This demand was not merely the result of sectarian or religious prejudice. Marxist principles demand that the right of subjugated nations to self-determination be supported. This directive came to them from the Communist International or Comintern, which was the center of the communist system and ideology at that time, and all the communist parties of the world were affiliated with it. In terms of world politics, supporting the establishment of Pakistan was also a well-thought-out strategy.

The Soviet Union (Russia) believed that the British influence on India was very deep. The classes that would be the rulers of the country after independence already had very close ties with Britain and the Western bloc, so in the world political arena, India would remain under the influence of the Western bloc. But if the country were divided, then an opportunity would arise for Russia to exert its influence in the region. Left-wing intellectuals of Pakistan used to make passionate arguments in favor of the fact that a Nawab or Maharaja had no right to decide the fate of his state against the will of its people.

Indian author Bipin Chandra writes in his book India's Struggle for Independence that Communist Party General Secretary PC Joshi believed that the creation of Pakistan would deal a blow to the British policy of "Divide and Rule".

Kamran Asadr Ali wrote his research paper:

Communism in Pakistan: Politics and Class Activism 1947-1972: SURKH SALAM writes, “Although the Communist Party of India had accepted the creation of Pakistan and the split of the Communist Party with it, it was not satisfied with the politics of the Muslim League. In Punjab, the Communist Party had not only allied with the Muslim League but also participated in the formulation of a radical constitution for the elections of 1945-46.” This global political background provided the basis for the first attempts to establish a government based on leftist ideas in Pakistan.

The Communist Party in Pakistan was founded by Sajjad Zaheer, Faiz Ahmed Faiz and Mian Iftikharuddin and Sajjad Zaheer left India and came to Pakistan on the instructions of the Communist International. Interestingly, the left-wing political circles of Pakistan also chose the path of getting the help of the army to bring about positive change in the country because it was impossible to do so through electoral politics. The late renowned intellectual Khalid bin Saeed has said in his book: Pakistan: The Formative Phase 1857-1948, “After the establishment of Pakistan, there was an increase in left-wing thinking, which later led to incidents like the Rawalpindi conspiracy.”

Major General Akbar Khan had led the fighters in the first Kashmir war with great success, but the liberation of the whole of Kashmir was not possible. General Akbar blamed the government for this. His wife Begum Naseem Jahan was the daughter of Jahanara Shah Nawaz (known as Begum Shah Nawaz), a prominent leader of the Pakistan Movement. It is said that he was aware of the secret plan to bring about change in the country and due to his careless speech, this word probably came out of his mouth and somehow reached the relevant circles.

All the people involved in this plan were arrested and it became known as the 'Rawalpindi Conspiracy Case'. Various people were arrested in the Rawalpindi Conspiracy Case, the most notable of which were Sajjad Zaheer and Faiz Ahmed Faiz. Sajjad Zaheer was a prominent member of the Progressive Writers Movement of the Communist Party of India and came to Pakistan on the instructions of the Communist Party of India.

He was entrusted with the responsibility of laying the foundation of the Communist Party of Pakistan in Pakistan. In the Rawalpindi Conspiracy case, there was a clear socialist/Ishtar tendency, especially in the case of Sajjad Zaheer and Faiz Ahmed Faiz. Major General Akbar Khan was also somewhat sympathetic to progressive and leftist ideas, but he was essentially a nationalist. The communist leadership saw in General Akbar Khan the personality who could establish a socialist-friendly government.

A ceasefire agreement has been reached between Israel and Hamas. US President Donald Trump announced a ceasefire. After the implementation of the first phase of the agreement, the Zionist state will not attack Gaza again. Under the agreement, there will be a partial withdrawal of the occupying forces from Gaza.

As soon as the agreement was announced, thousands of citizens took to the streets across Palestine, including Gaza. There was a sense of celebration throughout Palestine. In Israel, families of prisoners also took to the streets and danced happily. On the other hand, Israeli right-wing extremist Minister Itmar Ben-Gweir has issued a stern warning to Prime Minister Netanyahu, saying that if Hamas is not completely eliminated, his party will vote to topple the government.

A moment of calm has finally dawned in the complex and long-running conflict in the Middle East. The initial ceasefire agreement reached between Israel and Hamas after talks in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, is not only a ray of hope for the people of Gaza, but is also seen as a new step towards peace for the entire world. In a region that has been a hotbed of blood, gunfire and destruction for decades, if the parties agree on an agreement, it would undoubtedly be a historic development.

The ceasefire announcement by US President Donald Trump and its confirmation by Qatar have given the deal international backing. Hamas has also explicitly described it as an end to the full-scale war. The deal not only guarantees a halt to the ongoing attacks on Gaza, but also includes provisions such as the delivery of humanitarian aid, prisoner exchanges, and a partial withdrawal of occupying forces.

The daily passage of 600 aid trucks into Gaza is a major humanitarian breakthrough. The release of 2,000 Palestinian prisoners, including more than 250 serving life sentences, in exchange for 20 Israelis held by Hamas is a swap rarely seen in the past. The deal sparked a wave of joy across Palestine, with celebrations, chants, tears of joy in the streets, and the joy of the prisoners’ families in Israel. However, this hopeful scenario also raises some questions.

The biggest question is whether this ceasefire will prove to be lasting or just a temporary pause like in the past? Because the ink on the agreement had not yet dried when Israeli airstrikes again martyred 29 Palestinians. This is a clear argument that the implementation of the agreement should not be limited to just paper, but its effects must also be seen on the ground.

The deal has also sparked intense internal strife in Israeli politics. Israeli hardline minister Itmar Ben-Governor has openly threatened Prime Minister Netanyahu that his party will leave the government if Hamas is not completely eliminated. His stance is not only shaking up Israel's domestic politics, but is also sending a message internationally that Israel's internal divisions could sabotage any peace deal.

Qatar and the US guaranteeing the implementation of the agreement, Turkey's indication of joining the task force, and Egypt's hosting prove that this time the world powers are ready to participate in practice rather than just playing the role of spectators on the Palestinian issue. US President Donald Trump's recent statements that Iran also now wants peace are a surprising and noteworthy thing.

Trump's statement that "the war is over" is more than a slogan, if it turns into reality, it will also be a significant achievement for his presidential politics. Hamas leaders have also called the agreement a milestone for the Palestinian people's long-standing right to self-determination and the establishment of an independent state. Hussam Badran said that the world has now recognized the fact that the Palestinian people have the right to live in freedom and dignity on their land.

This statement reflects the changing atmosphere of global public opinion on the one hand, and on the other hand, it also indicates a positive change in Hamas's behavior. As a result of this peace agreement, the process of disarming Hamas and determining the contours of the Gaza government is still pending, but the initial presentation of a list of 40 names by Palestinian factions to take over the administration of Gaza is an indication that Palestinian political currents have now become serious about national unity.

The conspiracies of the extremist class within Israel, Netanyahu's weak political position, and Trump's political maneuvering in the context of the US elections, all together raise question marks over the future of this agreement. The world stands at a critical juncture. After the devastation of Gaza, thousands of displaced people, and horrific loss of life, there is now a faint glimmer of hope on the path to a peace agreement, but the greatest threat on this path are the extremist forces that will not let the dream of peace slip away.

Their conspiracies, their attempts to undermine the resolutions left vague in the folds of the agreement, will certainly be on the rise. It is a sobering fact that the path to peace is not easy. History itself tells us that every peace agreement, whether partial or complete, has been met with opposition from extremist elements. When we look at the history of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, such as after the Oslo Accords, some groups did not accept this process and tried to undermine the agreement through suicide attacks and terrorist acts.

The peace agreement that is still under discussion today is a test for these same powers. To think that the consent of Israel and Hamas alone is sufficient is a complete misunderstanding. During implementation, many issues will arise on which disagreements or contradictions may arise. The success of this agreement depends not only on the intentions of the two parties but also on third and fourth factors such as the Arab countries of the region, world powers, Western countries and the United Nations. This is not just a matter of military and diplomatic maneuvers, it also has a moral and humanitarian background.

The big question here is this: Will the recent agreement, which includes a first-phase ceasefire and prisoner exchange, become an opportunity for extremists to sabotage? The answer is “yes,” and if we are not careful, that is what could happen. That is why it is essential that every clause of the agreement be linked to a transparent, regular, and periodic review system. International institutions, Arab countries, the European Union, the United States, Russia, and China must form a framework for joint monitoring.

The United Nations and its Security Council must play an active role to ensure that no party evades its responsibility. In addition, the dream of establishing a Palestinian state is not just a statement of words, but requires practical plans and phased implementation. The success of the agreement will be when Gaza and the West Bank come under a unified state, when their government receives international recognition and financial, administrative and security support. If any country or power tries to undermine the integrity of this agreement, international pressure should be applied to it. All kinds of military, financial, political or communication interference should be condemned and a joint effort should be made to ensure that they do not become an obstacle to the agreement.

To the extent possible, the parties should be brought before the International Court of Justice, the Human Rights Commission and other legal forums so that any act of violation of the agreement can be legally responded to. To say that implementing a peace agreement is easy would be cruel. But to say that it is impossible would be unfair. Human history has taught us that the path to reconciliation is difficult but possible, if there is good will, consistent compliance and global cooperation. If the world is truly sincere, it must not only sign the agreement, but also take practical steps to protect it, implement it and develop it.

The Palestinian people have written stories of patience and sacrifice. They have the right to live as a free, sovereign and dignified state. It is our duty to not let their voice be silenced, to stand by them in making their dream of self-determination a reality, and to stop the mudslinging actions of extremists. Peace is not just a decision, but a continuous serious struggle. If everyone takes it together, then Palestine can become a free, sovereign and peaceful state in the future, and that day will undoubtedly be visible.

Pakistan has always been a stalwart of regional and global peace. Regarding the resolution of bilateral issues and disputes with its neighboring countries, Pakistan has emphasized the need to move forward through understanding, patience and dialogue at both political and diplomatic levels.

Even today, Pakistan's position is that all disputes with neighboring India, including Kashmir, should be resolved through bilateral negotiations. Pakistan has repeatedly reiterated this position at all international forums, including the United Nations, and has expressed its willingness to discuss all outstanding issues with India under the mediation of any country, including the United States.

Unfortunately, India has never responded positively to Pakistan's sincere offer nor has it ever taken a serious approach to bilateral talks. On the contrary, it has been expressing negative attitudes and making aggressive and provocative statements against Pakistan, thereby causing tension in the region. The malicious, irresponsible and spiteful statements of both the political and military leaderships of India are leading to a serious tension in the atmosphere.

The infamy, humiliation and humiliation that India's military and political leadership has faced at the global level after the four-day war of May 2025 is not digesting them, nor is the Indian media finding any way to relieve the fever of defeat. For this reason, India's political and military leadership has once again made a cowardly attempt to deliberately tense the atmosphere by making provocative statements, which reveals its nefarious intentions. India has forgotten that today's Pakistan has completely changed militarily compared to the past, which was amply demonstrated by the whole world, including India, in the May war.

Pakistan responded immediately and forcefully to the extremely provocative statements made by Indian Defense Minister Rajnath Singh, Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi, and Air Marshal Amarpreet Singh on various occasions in the past few days, making it clear to India's political and military leadership that if India dares to venture again, a forceful, decisive, and devastating response will be given without any hesitation.

Director General ISPR Lieutenant General Ahmed Sharif Chaudhry has warned India in clear and unequivocal terms that if it commits any kind of adventure, it will give a befitting reply, breaking the assumption of geographical non-interference. DG ISPR said that the fact-free, provocative and fanatical statements coming from the highest levels of the Indian security establishment have been taken note of with utmost concern. Such irresponsible statements are not only a new attempt to fabricate justifications for unprovoked aggression but can also have serious consequences for peace and stability in South Asia.

He has rightly said, in the context of India's past role, bitter experiences, and India's aggressive and nefarious intentions, that for decades, it has been playing the victim card and resorting to negative propaganda about Pakistan, fostering violence and terrorism in South Asia and other regions of the world. The world has not only rejected this narrative of India, but the world now considers aggression as the center of cross-border terrorism and regional instability.

The statements of the Indian establishment are a reflection of the fact that it is weighing the security of the region in the future to sacrifice its ego and take revenge for the defeat from Pakistan. The United Nations, the United States and the international community should take strict notice of the statements of the Indian military leadership. Pakistan has even warned India that India, which dreams of wiping us out, will itself be wiped out. India is creating an atmosphere of war by making fabricated, baseless and baseless allegations that can turn India's madness into a nuclear war, the terrible consequences of which will be suffered by future generations for centuries.

India, through its proxies, has been involved in terrorist acts in KP and Balochistan for the past several years in the form of Fitna-ul-Hindustan. There is alleged evidence in the form of Kulbhushan Yadav. Observers and analysts say that since India is suffering from various internal problems and chaos and the time of elections is also near there, India can do any adventure like Pahalgam to gain the sympathy of its people and divert attention from internal problems, but India should remember that this time Pakistan will give a more terrible response than May 10, which will push India further into the darkness of humiliation and infamy. The Indian dream of wiping out Pakistan will never be able to be realized.

This current week of October 2025 can be described as volcanic and turbulent: (1) On October 8, Chief Minister KPK, Ali Amin Gandapur, has reportedly resigned from the Chief Ministership on the orders of his leader, the founder of PTI. There are reports that Muhammad Sohail Afridi has now been nominated as the next Chief Minister in his place. (2) On October 8, our security forces killed 19 TTP terrorists during an operation in Orakzai district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

In this operation, 11 officers and soldiers of our security forces were also martyred. Among those martyred were a Lieutenant Colonel (39-year-old Junaid Tariq) and a Major (33-year-old Tayyab Rahat). (3) For the past one week, the PPP and the Punjab Non-League have been verbally hurling insults at each other, causing a stir in the world. (4) And this very week, the Foreign Minister of the Taliban occupying Afghanistan, Mullah Amir Khan Muttaqi, has arrived in India.

The Pak-Afghan military clashes that are taking place on the Pak-Afghan border without any major break, in which our youth on duty are sacrificing their blood, are actually being shed at the hands of the TTP, Khawarij and BLA terrorists under the patronage of the Taliban who are in power in Afghanistan. The TTP and TTA have become one. The fact is that the Taliban rulers of Afghanistan, while killing the innocent, are playing into the hands of India today.

This is not just our “accusatory” case. This is also the case of our responsible security agencies. At the recent global summit of the United Nations General Assembly, our Prime Minister, Mr. Shahbaz Sharif, has once again presented this case before the world nations. During the last four years, the terrorists of TTP, Fitna-ul-Hindustan Khawarij and BLA under the patronage of the Afghan ruling Taliban have martyred hundreds of Pakistanis. In response, the Afghan Taliban, TTP and BLA have also received a crushing response.

Pakistan has not yet committed fratricide nor has it completely closed its doors to Afghanistan. Perhaps with the desire and hope that the Afghan Taliban authorities will improve somewhat, but the Afghan authorities are not stopping from harming Pakistan from all sides. The bloody tragedy of October 8 has made the Afghan Taliban's hostility towards Pakistan completely clear.

In such tense circumstances, the interim foreign minister of the Afghan interim Taliban government, Mullah Amir Khan Muttaqi, is visiting India, and all the relevant institutions in Pakistan are rightly worried. The 55-year-old Muttaqi was supposed to visit Pakistan last month, but was informed at the right time that he had not been allowed to visit. The reason was that the Sanctions Committee of the United Nations Security Council had imposed travel restrictions on him.

Now, with these restrictions reportedly temporarily lifted, Amir Muttaqi has arrived in New Delhi on a week-long visit to India. He arrived in India on October 9, 2025, and will remain there until October 16.

They have been given that much permission. India is calling it its biggest diplomatic and strategic success and is also calling it the most important Diplomatic Breakthrough. The reason for Indian joy is probably that after half a decade, an Afghan Foreign Minister has landed on Indian soil, and that too, the Foreign Minister of a government led by the Afghan Mullah Taliban, with which India has had tense diplomatic and trade relations.

Today, October 10, Amir Khan Muttaqi Sahib (we will respectfully call him “Muttaqi Sahib”, although Pakistan has suffered many losses at his hands) is meeting Indian Foreign Minister Jaishankar. And later he will also meet Modi ji’s National Security Advisor, Ajit Doval. Ajit Doval is openly hostile to Pakistan. And he does not hide his hostility towards Pakistan; so we can guess what and what kind of things Muttaqi Sahib will say and hear in his meeting with Doval Sahib? Before the India Yatra, on October 6, Amir Muttaqi has also participated in the seventh round of an important conference (Moscow Format) in Moscow.

The Taliban has participated in this conference for the first time as a “member”. Before this, they have been participating in this forum as a “guest”. It seems that the global situation has changed for the Taliban, but the mentality, thinking and instinct of the Taliban have not changed. The relations between Moscow and New Delhi are obvious to the whole world; therefore, the effects of the Moscow visit will also play a role in the meetings with Jaishankar and Ajit Doval.

The Times of India claims that “India played a key role in getting permission for Muttaqi to visit the UN Sanctions Committee.” Earlier, Amir Khan Muttaqi had been in talks with relevant officials in the Indian Ministry of External Affairs. For example, last month, when the earthquake hit Afghanistan, Indian Foreign Minister Jaishankar had a detailed conversation with Muttaqi and discussed the relief supplies sent by India. India says that “although we have not yet recognized the Taliban government of Afghanistan with the international community, we are eager to have closer relations with the Afghan Taliban.” Based on this “desire,” India is secretly in constant contact with the Afghan Taliban authorities.

These secret contacts have provided opportunities for Indian intelligence agencies to provide all kinds of support to the TTP, Khawarij and BLA through Afghanistan for their daily attacks on Pakistan. On October 6, 2025, the "New York Times" published a detailed article titled "Pakistan Fights its Fiercest Taliban Insurgency in a Decade", which also testifies that the Afghan Taliban rulers are providing all kinds of support to the anti-Pakistan TTP.

Due to these facilities provided to Indian proxies against Pakistan through the Afghan Taliban, can we not call the Afghan Taliban authorities traitors against Pakistan? When the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in the 90s, Amir Muttaqi was only 9 years old. He lived in Pakistan with his parents for many years. He ate and drank only Pakistani food. He is a graduate of the famous religious seminary of Akora Khattak.

He ate free bread and wore free clothes from this Pakistani school. It is a pity that today this same Muttaqi Sahib (and many other Taliban officials) are sitting in India's lap, forgetting the countless favors of Pakistan, and are using them against Pakistan. It is unlikely that any greater example of forgetting favors can be found than this. The detailed report published by "Al Jazeera" on October 1, 2025, is also telling the world that all the expectations that Pakistan had attached to the Taliban when the Afghan Taliban came to power again have proven to be unfulfilled. This tour of Amir Khan Muttaqi to India is actually another Afghan Taliban dare to put pressure on Pakistan and blackmail Pakistan. It is also worth mentioning that when Amir Muttaqi began his tour of India, during those days, riots suddenly and without reason broke out in Azad Kashmir.

There were also deaths in these riots. Pakistani officials and the majority media say that Indian and Taliban hands have been seen in these bloody riots. A recent United Nations report also states that “the Afghan ruling Taliban has increased its support for the TTP against Pakistan.” “What other evidence is needed?”

The story is old, but as long as this world exists and there is this animal in it that has a tongue in its mouth and is always talking about itself. No story is old, because just as history keeps repeating itself, it also keeps repeating its deeds. So this old story is also repeating itself once again, the only difference is that the old story was about an individual and this story is about a country. A boy whose parents died in an accident, all his relatives fell in love and sympathy with him, everyone took him to their homes, fed him, and took care of him. Thus, he became spoiled by the pampering of his relatives.

He did not do any work, he would feel hungry all day or lie on the bed, whenever he felt hungry or needed something, he would go to a relative's house. The relatives tolerated him until he became young, but his behavior was the same of free eating. Fed up, the relatives decided to get him married, so that when the responsibility would come to his head, someone would start working, but this strategy made matters worse because now he was more of a "beg" person. Whenever he needed something, he would go and ask a relative for something. After a few days, not him but his wife realized how long we would continue to "beg". She told her husband that it was enough, now we should think about something and do something.

Now there is no such relative from whom we have not asked, taken, or eaten anything, think about it. The husband fell into his special meditation pond, the hammock, and started thinking. After a while, he shouted. "Thought." "I thought." "I thought." The wife came to him happily. What did she think? The husband said, "I thought that your distant aunt lives at this end of the village?" The wife said, "Yes, she does?" And at the other end, my distant uncle lives, the wife said, "Yes, they do." The husband said, "After all, these people should also help us, after all, we are their relatives."

Go and ask them for something. The wife first hit her head and then hit his head and said, "I am not talking about asking, but about the work itself. Okay, okay. But you don't even know what kind of work you will do." The wife said, "I am talking about you, go out, you are a loser, do some work, some hard work. Enough is enough." And after the argument, the wife persuaded her husband to go out for work and even got him a job somewhere through some relatives. The day he had to go to work for the first time, the wife was very considerate and sent him off with great affection. But it was only a short time before he returned. The wife kept asking and he fell straight into his hammock or the pond of contemplation, that is, the think tank.

The wife asked, "What happened? Why did you come back?" He said, "Don't ask, there has been a great deal of trouble." The Khan's mare has given birth to a foal, but it has no tail or ears. The wife said, "What about the Khan?" What happened to his mare, what happened to the foal, what happened to its tail and ears? The husband said, "You foolish woman, this is a very big and serious problem. Think about how it will grow up to be a horse and get stuck in a swamp somewhere. Don't you think that this old story is being "new" once again? The only difference is that the name of the man who lived on the money borrowed from his relatives and was worried about the Khan's mare is not known. But there is no need to know the name because this story is repeated somewhere in every era. The hero changes, but the story remains the same. For example, we know where this story is being repeated in this "era" and what is the name of its hero.

He is living on the donations or begging of friends and relatives, but what is "new" in this old story is that he shares what he earns with others, that is, he does not just beg but also gives. It is the result of his kindness that the number of beggars is increasing. Many people who do some work or the other, now spend their time thinking about the Khan's mare's foal lying comfortably in a hammock. By the way, there is a saying in Pashto that when the debt exceeds a hundred (rupees or trillions), eat ghee and rice.

Literature is a beautiful and meaningful expression of human emotions, feelings, thoughts, and experiences. Literature is not just a collection of words, but a reflection of life, reflecting both the internal state of a person and the external circumstances. Literature is a beautiful blend of imagination and reality.

Sometimes it highlights beauty and elegance in the form of poetry, and sometimes it brings forth thought and wisdom in prose and fiction. Literature is also a mirror of the civilization, culture, and social attitudes of nations and also provides the individual with a means to understand himself and the universe. Thus, literature brings forth a deep connection between man and life.

In the history of literature, each era has had its own unique intellectual, social, and cultural characteristics. After the middle of the twentieth century, a new intellectual and literary attitude emerged, which is called postmodernism. This movement actually emerged as a reaction to modernity. If modernity emphasized technology, rationality, scientific thought, logic, and universal truth, postmodernity raised questions about all of these. The Industrial Revolution and two world wars changed the world. Culture began to rapidly adapt to multiculturalism and the distant world to the global mold.

In World War II, people lost faith in science, technology, and reason because World War II caused immense destruction, a lot of bloodshed, millions of deaths, and the first atomic bombs in world history were dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima. This also had a profound impact on literature. Postmodernism became a protest reaction against modernity.

The intellectual foundations of postmodernism. The basic idea of ​​postmodernism is that there is no ultimate or absolute truth in the world. Every truth is relative and depends on the social, cultural and personal context. French thinkers Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault and Jean-François Lyotard are considered the main pillars of postmodernism. Lyotard said that the Grand Narratives, i.e. those ideas that try to unite all of humanity into a universal truth and unity, have now lost their status. Postmodernism rejects these narratives and emphasizes plurality, diversity and individual reality. This new trend gained strength from Kafka's story Metamorphosis, whose main character is a cockroach.

Postmodernism in literature

Emphasis on experience and criticism - In this approach, the text is not taken as having ultimate meaning, but rather the reader is asked to draw his own interpretations and find meaning in the text according to these interpretations.

Intertextuality: In postmodern literature, a new narrative is often created by incorporating previous texts, styles, and references into a new context.

Abstraction and audacity. According to this attitude, reality is presented through symbols, metaphors, and playfulness rather than directly describing it.

The end of centrality. In modernism, the artist has generally had a central position, but in postmodernism, the author or text is not central, but the interpretation of the reader or listener is given great importance.

Satire, humor, and parody. Even serious topics are presented in a very lighthearted or humorous manner so that absolute seriousness and heaviness do not dominate.

Multiple meanings. In postmodern literature, a text does not have just one meaning, but rather, different meanings arise for each reader according to their own background.

Postmodernism in poetry. The postmodernist approach in poetry promoted new modes of expression, disregarding strict restrictions and classical principles, which led to the emergence of free verse, prose poetry, and symbolic expression. Poets took advantage of this freedom and used language in many new ways. Poets viewed tradition in a new light.

Criticism of postmodernism. Although postmodernism has created new dimensions in literature, it also has many critics. According to its critics, its major flaws are that postmodernism completely ignores absolute values ​​and universal truth. According to some critics, this literature promotes chaos and ambiguity.

Postmodernism has not allowed literature to remain merely an intellectual expression but has made it a dialogue in which the writer, reader, listener and text are all participants. This movement convinces us that reality is not immutable, static and absolute, but is dynamic and each individual derives and can derive meaning according to their own perspective and background. Although postmodernism is criticized for being a departure from absolute values ​​and universal truth, the fact is that postmodernism has exposed literature to new styles, new techniques and new possibilities.

Various intellectual and literary movements have taken place in the history of Urdu literature, which have given new dimensions to the styles and themes of expression. In the last decades of the twentieth century, the effects of postmodernism were also seen on Urdu literature, however, the characteristics of postmodernism in Urdu literature remained largely the same as those that characterize it throughout the world. Postmodernism has come to the fore in Urdu novels and fiction. History, mythology, and the present are intertwined in the novels and fiction of the late Intazar Hussain.

In poetry, Mr. Anwar Sajjad, Irfan Siddiqui, Wazir Agha, Jaun Elia, Zafar Iqbal and countless poets of the new generation have adopted this trend in one form or another. The post-modern movement has made Urdu poetry more flexible, multi-temporal and in line with the demands of the present. This movement has made a place in Pakistani literature written in all the languages ​​of Pakistan. It is a different matter that according to some writers, if the modern movement had not reached Pakistan, how would post-modernism have taken root.

There is a general opinion in Pakistan that if you do not adopt a hard-line style of resistance against the government system in accepting your political, social, economic and legal demands, your problems will not be solved. Because our system of governance listens to the people only when you take the situation to a dead end or bring the situation to a point where the ruling class has no option but to talk to you or accept your demands. Because the system of governance is not in our nature to bring opponents together and talk to each other, to find a political and democratic way to solve problems, and to adopt a policy of avoiding the use of force.

This is the reason why people or political parties or other forces prefer to take a path in favor of their demands that should not be taken in principle. Because in this way, violent paths emerge, which are apparently not good political options in the state and governance system.

Similarly, one of our tendencies has become that we try to find internal and external conspiratorial aspects in this type of political and social resistance, and the ruling class comes to the fore in this. Because we see criticism of the ruling system as a form of political hostility and believe that even ordinary people who jump into the political arena to speak out for their political, social, economic and legal rights are part of some conspiracy game or are taken as rebellion against the system.

This is the reason why we see two types of statements in the form of political protests: first, these forces are part of a conspiracy against the state and the system of governance, and second, we are trying to fight for our rights on the basis of protest, which the government is not ready to recognize. These are the two contradictory thoughts that create conflict within the system and at the same time give rise to political rebellions against each other.

We also saw this aspect in the recent protest movement in Azad Kashmir. Then, the government sitting with the committee of the same protest movement, holding talks, accepting the demands in writing and ending the movement on the basis of various promises - how was this process not adopted by the ruling classes from the very beginning and why was this movement given the opportunity to spread more than necessary? This needs to be thought about very seriously.

Basically, we should seek solutions to political and other issues in a peaceful and democratic context, and this should be part of the priorities of the protesting forces, including the government. Because if people peacefully resist within the framework of the political and legal level, the government system should recognize this political right of theirs. Similarly, the protesting parties also have a responsibility not to take the situation to a point where violence can arise. This responsibility does not belong to any one party, but to all parties, and both should take responsibility for the deterioration of the situation.

The government's behavior is also that when they see that the path of political protest has intensified, then the government first takes the path of negotiations to save itself and also makes verbal or written agreements with them to end the protest. But as soon as the situation changes, by deviating from the promises made, the ruling class creates more problems for itself in the future and people no longer trust the government's promises. This is the reason why during the politics of protest, there is talk of accepting the demands and it is believed that what was accepted today is the truth, but all are false claims.

The government should understand one thing: people are unhappy with the governance system in the country and all their problems, especially economic ones, are quite severe. People are unhappy that the governance system is not ready to show any seriousness towards their problems and concerns, which not only creates anger among the people, but also shows extremist tendencies against the governance, which is not the right thing to do.

Especially in those areas of the country that are backward or suffer from political, economic and administrative deprivations, where the problems of the weaker sections are not resolved, we see more politics of reaction. This question should also be important in the governance system as to how people come to the streets or take the path of protest based on their local problems. All this is possible only when the governance system closes its doors to the people and, based on the use of force against those who come out to protest, we believe that we have to control the situation.

The politics of deprivation is increasing in the country. Rather, these issues are no longer limited to small or backward areas or villages, but now the problems of Pakistan's big cities or the governance system have deteriorated to such an extent that no clear and transparent roadmap for correcting the situation is visible.

Now it remains to be seen whether the government will be able to seriously implement all these issues after the successful written negotiations between the government and the Joint Action Committee in Azad Kashmir or will this process itself become a means of political evasion based on past strategies. It is necessary to avoid such violent policies in the future and not take the situation to a point where nothing is left but violence and the use of force.

Today's modern states and a better and more transparent system of governance are linked to the political and economic survival of states. But instead of accepting our shortcomings and failures, we want to move forward with great political boldness by building on the same system that is pushing us towards further failures. But are we ready to move out of the strategies in our current governance? This should be considered.

In front of me was a long wooden ring and people were walking on it. It looked like the ancient Colosseum of Rome from a distance. As soon as I entered the main entrance, there was a shower of colors in front of me and thousands of people were walking in line with each other. What was this? I want to tell you something else before I come to this side.

The world has held a Universal Expo every five years since 1851. It is basically a cultural show of different countries. The 2025 Expo was held in Osaka, Japan. It started on April 13 and will end on October 13. I got the opportunity to spend four days at the Expo at the invitation of the Japanese government. It was a unique experience. An auction was held in New York in 2017 for the Expo. There was a competition between France, Azerbaijan, Russia and Japan. Japan won the competition and started preparations. Thus, it took seven years to complete the preparations.

Osaka is surrounded by the sea on all sides. The government built an artificial island covering 488 acres for the Expo and built an Expo site of 383 acres on it. It is surrounded by the sea. The artificial island was named Yumishima. It was connected to the rail, road and bicycle tracks. Soil was poured on it and trees, plants and flowers were planted. Sewage pipes were laid and sewage was arranged. Water pipes were brought in and electricity and gas were arranged. A wooden ring of 61,035 square meters was built around the Expo. It is 12 to 20 meters high from the ground and 30 meters wide. There are two walkways on top of it, while below there is a place for people to sit in the rain and sun.

People go up to the ring via escalators and lifts and inspect the exhibition from a height. The ring was designed by Japanese architect Sofuji Moto and is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records. It is the first large wooden structure in human history. Japan used wood collected in the tsunami for this. It is basically large wooden logs that are stacked and joined together to create a very beautiful and impressive structure. You will be surprised to know that there are no casinos in Japan.

The government decided that it would build the first and largest casino on the island after the exhibition. The title of the exhibition is "Future Society for Our Lives" and 250,000 people come to see it every day. Special trains, shuttle buses and taxis are running for these people. Special buses have also been arranged for the Expo from the airport. There are stalls from 156 countries in the exhibition. There are three categories of stalls. In category A, countries have been allotted more than 900 square meters of land. In category B, more than 300 meters of land have been given, while in category C, there is less than 100 meters of space and it is inside the halls.

I reached the Expo on October 3. The Wooden Ring caught my attention from afar, but unfortunately I could not walk on it on the first day due to rain. I did this good deed the second day and did it with all my heart. We entered from the front of the Romanian pavilion. The main street was in front and the electric stairs of the Wooden Ring were behind. I went to see the Pakistan pavilion first. Irfan Siddiqui, a famous Pakistani journalist in Japan, was with me. He is a very noble person and an influential journalist. Along with journalism, he also does his own business and is very happy. He understands Japan very well. I advise the government to make him a special representative or commercial counselor in Japan. This will increase business relations between Pakistan and Japan.

The Pakistani pavilion is in the hall. The space is very tight, but despite this, there was a lot of rush. People were standing in line to enter. This is because of the theme and decoration of the pavilion. The name of the pavilion is Healing Garden and it was designed by the country's famous interior decorator Noor Jahan Bilgrami. The design is truly amazing and attractive. Inside, different colored salt stones from Khewra Cave are arranged like a barbecue on steel bars. When the light falls on them, they start shining like diamonds. There is a small sitting space in the middle. People were sitting on it and taking pictures while salt smoke came out from the wall and it made the atmosphere cloudy. The walls were black and the history of salt was written on them in white letters. People used to enter inside.

They used to read history, sit among the salt rocks, take pictures and then leave after performing Tawaf. There was also a stall of Pakistani handicrafts. It had blue tiles from Multan, clay paper bowls from Gujarat, copper vessels from Peshawar, shawls from Kashmir and stone calligraphy samples from Chitral. People were also looking at them in amazement. Next to them was a stall of Pakistani jewelry from which Japanese women were lining up to buy earrings and bracelets. Small copper tiles were installed on the wall of the Pakistani pavilion. These are handmade in Peshawar and are popular all over the world. People were praising Pakistani craftsmen by touching them.

Unfortunately, we are negative as a nation. We will die but will not praise anyone. I am also a victim of a ninety percent Pakistani mentality, but believe me, despite this, I was forced to praise the Pakistani pavilion. It was smaller than our profile, but it was still beautiful and impressive. Ministers and ambassadors of big countries were praising the Pakistani pavilion. All the credit for this goes to Noorjehan Bilgrami and TDAP DG Naseer Sahib. Bilgrami and Naseer Sahib really put their lives into salt. I came to know for the first time after going there that white, pink, dark pink and brown salt comes out of the Khewra mine and if it is polished a little, it shines and sparkles like diamonds and granite.

I met three people at the Pakistani pavilion. Muhammad Naseer is a Grade 21 officer and the DG of the Trade Development Authority of Pakistan. He turned out to be a very sophisticated and dynamic officer. He has built relationships with authorities in all the pavilions right and left in a very short time. He took me with him to the pavilions of Saudi Arabia and Bangladesh. The Saudi ambassador to Japan came out and welcomed us, while the DG of Bangladesh sat with us for a long time. He is a Barish and belongs to the Tablighi Jamaat.

Raiwind wants to come but is not getting time due to official engagements. Second, his classmate joined the army and is currently a Major General. He was worried about not joining the army. I advised him to change his name to General. The whole of Bangladesh will call you General even after death. He kept laughing for a long time after hearing this. Naseer Sahib has made all of them friends. I congratulated him on the magnificent pavilion. He humbly folded his hands and also gave his credit to Noor Jahan Bilgrami. The second sir is Adil Mukhtar Chaudhry. He is a junior of Naseer Sahib. He is from the Commerce Ministry. He is a resident of Okara and joined the service after completing CSS. He is an expert in e-commerce and digital marketing. He is also extremely active. And the third sir is Syed Sajjad Shah. He is associated with the tourism business. His company works in Japan and Pakistan. He had a ground services contract. He is a very interesting person. The world has seen it.

She came to Japan during her student days, got married here and started a tourism business. They are an interesting company. They don't let you get bored. Pakistan gave the PR contract to a company in Karachi, but it handed over its contract to an Indian company and disappeared, and it gave the contract to a woman from Kazakhstan. I met her, but this poor woman didn't even have a camera or a proper microphone. She was recording with her mobile phone. Shah Sahib told me that this woman cost Pakistan half a million dollars. It was extremely sad. Irfan Siddiqui had given more coverage than this for the Pakistani pavilion. I think half the money should be taken back from the Karachi company and given to Irfan Siddiqui. She deserves more than that.

There was also a Pakistani restaurant in the food court of the Expo. Its owner is Azhar Sahib. He is a citizen of both Lahore and Sindh. He came to Japan in his youth and got involved in the restaurant business here. His biryani is famous throughout the Expo. The Japanese also like it immensely and regularly stand in queues to buy it. Azhar Sahib is known as the Biryani Boy there. I also met him and was happy to see Japanese people in the entire restaurant.